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屈伟丽-阅读文化背景-行政权的考点

时间:2025-07-16 栏目:考研互动

上篇文章我们简单地聊了一下美国政治体系中的三权分立的概念,那么今天我们继续聊聊行政权的执行机关以及它所对应的英文表达,毕竟分分分才是研宝们的命根。

那么话不多说,屈老师在这里开讲了!一幅图帮助大家回忆一下三权分立的本质:

image.png 

既然总统行使行政权,那么毫无疑问President一定可以代指政府——行政机关,历年真题中也反复用这个词代指,比如大家耳熟能详的美国总统华盛顿、布什和奥巴马都颇受命题老师青睐,比如

For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns(1-2007-text 3)

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves. (1-2008-text 4) 

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power.”(1-2013-text 4)

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. (1-2018-text 2) 

既然总统的行政权在真题中如此重要,那么它就不可能只有一种形式,毕竟没有一个女主角在全剧中只有一套行头的,那么除了用掌权人总统本人来代指政府之外,他们的住所及办公所在地也可以代指政府。So the White House同样在阅读真题中代指(联邦)政府,不信你看。 

The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform. (1-2018-text 2)

The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (1-2005-text 2)

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.

(1-2005-text 2)

在我们英语一2005年的阅读理解中the White House , the president’s advisers(总统的智囊团)同时出现,两句话之间用but连接其实是在用欲抑先扬的写作方式告诉大家,虽然政府已经开始关注全球变暖问题,但其关注度远远不够,并没有从根本上解决这一问题。

image.png

除了president和 the White House可以代指政府外,大家还能够想到的应该就是government了,但是因为美国是联邦制政府,所以三权分立里的政府往往指的是联邦政府,即the federal government。而如果government单独出现,也极有可能指的是某一州的州政府,研宝们一定要结合语境来判别呀。(本想扼住命运的喉咙,却不想被阅读拽住了头发)

你以为就这么结束了么?幼稚!真正的黑马在于 Administration这个词,这个词的基本含义是“行政,管理机构,实施“的意思,这不正是行政权的体现么。所以作为专有名词the Administration就是历届政府的体现,比如the Obama Administration,the Trump Administration。那么集齐了行政圈的四大天王,(the Obama Administration;president;the White House;the federal government)老师再也不用担心我吃背景知识的亏了。

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. (1-2013-text 4)

2013年的Text 4基本上是历届考生的噩梦,每年都有同学拿着真题来找老师来哭诉出题人的丧心病狂,难道就真的那么令人头秃么?我们一起来看一下。最后一题是这样问的:

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? 题干中除了定位在最后一段基本没什么有效信息了,所以就需要来观察和梳理最后一段的内容。

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

整个段落中很明显反复出现了联邦政府(the federal government;The administration),国会(Congress)和最高法院(大法官Justice的代指),所以极大可能这篇文章就是在讲立法、司法和行政三者之间的爱恨情仇。

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen their coordination with Congress.

[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

观察四个选项可知AB选项只讲了三者中的一个分支,有些片面所以优先排除,CD分别涉及两个分支,较为全面,但是C讲的是大法官想与国会直接通力合作,感情色彩较积极。D讲的是大法官打算制约政府的权力,感情色彩较消极,所以两个选项之间的区分度还是比较强的。回文定位到最后一句 Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim 可知reject抵制这一惊人言论与选项D感情色彩相符。所以答案也直接浮出水面。当然这是结合了政治背景知识和部分做题技巧能够快速得出正确答案,因为这篇文章的最后一段讲述的就是三个权力分支的相互制衡,具体的细节信息,研宝们自己精读分析一下呦!

好了,课代表来总结今天的知识点了:美国三权分立中行政权的四个考点,大家掌握了么?

the Obama Administration

President

the White House

the federal government

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