1. mechanics [mɪ'kænɪks] 

n. 力学（用作单数）；结构；技术；机械学

【真题例句】Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. 正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各州尤为可见。

2. convention [kən'venʃ(ə)n] 

n. 大会；惯例；约定；协定；习俗

【真题例句】As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. 同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化符号、设想和习俗构成了美国所有社会关系的基础。

3. carbon ['kɑːb(ə)n] 

n. [化学] 碳；碳棒；复写纸adj. 碳的；碳处理的

【真题例句】Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. 各种维生素都比较相似，因为它们由同样的元素组成—通常是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。 

4. tobacco [tə'bækəʊ] 

n. 烟草，烟叶；烟草制品；抽烟

【真题例句】Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.预测烟草消费的趋势并给出原因。

5. optimistic [ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk] 

adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的

【真题例句】Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. 有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。

6. irony ['aiərəni]               

n. 讽刺；反语adj. 铁的；似铁的

【2015·真题例句】But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.但这似乎是对办公室话语的讽刺：人人都嘲弄它，但经理们却趋之若鹜，企业依赖它，普通人心甘情愿的接受它。

7. colleague ['kɔli:ɡ]

n. 同事，同僚

【2005·真题例句】Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。

8. discussion [dɪ'skʌʃ(ə)n] 

n. 讨论，议论

【真题例句】It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

9. fluctuant ['flʌktjuənt]                     

adj. 变动的；波动的；起伏的

【2010·真题例句】This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant.这一次专家估计，艺术品价格相比其高峰期，平均下降了40%，虽然有些艺术品价格一直波动很大。

10. surgery ['sə:dʒəri]

n. 外科；外科手术；手术室

【2002·真题例句】And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.由于电子器件和微型机械仪器的不断缩小，现在已出现了机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米的脑部和骨髓手术，其精确性远远超过熟练的医生仅用他们的双手所达到的水平。

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