倒装句

(1)理论常识

倒装句的几种形式

1) 以here , there ,then , now , next引出的倒装句

Here comes the special guest of the party .

There seem to be many beautiful girls in the university .

2) 以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句

At the school gate stood an old woman .

Under the tree are sitting some students .

On the bed lay a big teddy bear .

注意：主语为代词是不用倒装。

3) 以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句

Off went the horse .

Down fell a dozen apples .

4) 否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首

Never have I seen such a good teacher .

Not a moment did he waste on campus .

By no means should she be left alone .

Under no circumstances will I believe you .

5) only置于句首

Only in this way can we make a difference .

6) as / though引导让步状语从句

Rich as he is , he spends a cent on charity .

Try as / though he does , he never seems able to get a high score in the exams .

7) 在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，即将were , had , should等词提到句首

Were I you , I would take this chance .

Should he come tomorrow , he would help us to settle the problem .

(2)真题举例

Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

•重点词汇及短语：plausible，adj. 貌似可信的;consequence，n. 结果、推论;astrophysicist，n. 天体物理学家

参考译文：尽管它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论，并且很多天体物理学家在近十年中已经相信这种理论是真实的。

1.插入句型结构

(1)理论常识

插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释或者说明整个句子，去掉之后句子仍然完整。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构。在这就不一一论述了。但值得注意的是插入语的翻译，有些插入语，尤其是位于句首的插入语，可保持原文中的词序。然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。
 

(2)真题举例

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states： " We are aware of impact and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals， especially on young people".

•重点词汇及短语：

State 陈述，声明

newly adv. 新近，最 新

revise v. 修订;复习

charter n.章程，宪章

impact n. 撞击力，冲击;巨大影响

Danish Fashion Ethical Charter丹麦时装伦理章程

句子成分分析： 本句的主干部分为The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states。
 

后面为阐述的观点，也是一个独立的句子，在该部分里We are aware of impact为主干，后面为省略了that的定语从句，对先行词impact进行解释说明，并且该部分中especially on young people作为插入语，补充说明前面的body ideals，意思是“对时尚产业尤其对年轻人在理想体型方面有着重要的影响”。
 

插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。

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