在英语一新题型的战场上，自2017年始，2018, 2019连续三年都在考察大家的上下文排序能力；终于在2020的考场上迎来了英一相对来说比较容易的一种题型——小标题。但，大家千万不可小觑它的存在，即使容易，也千万不能粗心大意；即便困难，也有应对它的规律方式。跟随小编，我们先来探一探2020小标题的奥秘。

          

[A] Eye fixations are brief.

[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude.

[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal.

[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact.

[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated.

[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers.

[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:

 

41. _______________

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common­sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

 

42. _______________

Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43. _______________

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.

44. _______________

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45. _______________

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

41. 【参考答案】 C

【详细解析】 本段第三句，“…looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention”，以愉快的方式看着别人也表明了一种赞美的关注；此外本段最后一句也说：眼神接触和微笑能“signal availability and confidence”表明你的参与和自信。这些都说明眼神接触是友好的社交信号，因此选C选项。 

42. 【参考答案】 E

【详细解析】 本段第一句就出现了“hormone”荷尔蒙；此外，本段中出现的“oxytocin”催产剂，“high-functioning”高官能，“autistic spectrum symptoms”自闭症谱系症状都说明是在谈论生物因素。最后一句中的“explore”探索和“brain scanning”脑部扫描表明这些生物因素正在接受研究，所以选E。

43. 【参考答案】 G

【详细解析】 本段第一句就说了eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation眼神接触根据不同情况会发出不同的信息。下一句运用转折关系强调主句内容，在不利环境中，眼神接触会与“dominance”统治或“intimidation”恫吓有关联，也是一种攻击挑衅的行为，因此G选项为正确答案。

44. 【参考答案】 A

【详细解析】 本段第一句就提到“…our eyes pause on one spot at a time…”我们的眼睛一次停留在一个点上；第二句清楚地说到了“These pauses typically occur at about three per second”，这些停顿通常每秒三次，充分说明注视很短暂，所以选A选项。

45. 【参考答案】 D

【详细解析】 第一句话中就有“personality”性格；再引用转折之后，“but their brain reaction also differ”他们脑部反应不同；最后一句话更加明确说到高负能量的人更觉得被人直视令人不舒服，这些都表明性格会影响一个人对眼神交流的反应，因此选D选项。

    希望跟随小编，可以让各位备考的同学对于小标题的做题思路和方法有个初步的了解，想要解锁更多新题型的解题思路，请持续对小编的关注。

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